HIGH YIELD (JUNK) is bonds and preferred stocks having an S&P/Moody's rating of BB+/Ba1 or lower, and NAIC ratings of"3", "4", "5", or "6". Below investment grade securities have greater risk and therefore compensate investors with higher market yields. In addition to new issues, high yield securities can evolve from older issues with declining ratings, or can be created through leveraged buyouts where management uses the assets of the company as collateral for the issue.
PUBLIC FUNDS is money funded in government securities or through the levy of taxes from a governmental entity.
HEDGING is strategy focused upon reducing exposure to risk of loss resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates, commodity prices, interest rates etc. Hedging in securities is taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change, thereby limiting financial risk.
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