SALES & MARKETING EXPENSE normally includes: salaries, commissions, and benefits to sales and marketing personnel, co-op advertising allowances to customers, advertising, warehouse costs, and shipping costs.
SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK is the first round of stock offered during the seed or early stage round by a portfolio company to the venture investor or fund. This stock is convertible into common stock in certain cases such as an IPO or the sale of the company. Later rounds of preferred stock in a private company are called Series B, Series C and so on.
INVESTMENT GRADE, in securities, is a high credit rating indicating bonds generally considered to have the strongest possibility of paying interest and repaying principal when due. Standard & Poor's Corporation considers investment grade bonds to be those it rates from AAA through BBB. Moody's considers investment grade to be from AAA to Baa3. Below investment grade bonds also are known as high yield or junk bonds. The NAIC designates investment grade bonds with the numerical rating of "I" or "2".
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