ADVANCE Definition

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ADVANCE is an amount paid before it is earned, e.g. payment ahead of actual expenditures or phase completion of a construction project.

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LIQUIDITY is a. a companys ability to meet current obligations with cash or other assets that can be quickly converted to cash; b. in securities, it is the ease with which an instrument can be bought or sold at or near prevailing market prices in the secondary market (often reflected by the range of the bid-asked spread).

ANOMALY, generally, is a deviation from the common rule. It is an irregularity that is difficult to explain using existing rules or theory. In securities, it is an unexplained or unexpected price or rate relationship that seems to offer an opportunity for an arbitrage-type profit, although not typically without risk. Examples include the tendency of small stocks to outperform large stocks, of stocks with low price-to-book value ratios to outperform stocks with high price-to-book value ratios, and of discount currency forward contracts to outperform premium currency forward contracts.

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