ALLOWANCE Definition

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ALLOWANCE, within Sales, is a concession granted to customers for unsatisfactory goods or services. Reduces sales because a portion of the sale has not been earned.

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CENTRAL BANK is the major regulatory bank in a country, usually government controlled. The UK central bank is the Bank of England; Germany's is the Bundesbank; in the U.S. it is the Federal Reserve System.

OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS is the purchases and sales of gov­ernment and certain other securities in the open market by the New York Federal Reserve Bank as directed by the Federal Reserve in order to influence the volume of money and credit in the economy. Purchases inject reserves into the depository system and foster expansion in money and credit; sales have the opposite effect. Open market operations are the Federal Reserve's most impor­tant and most flexible monetary policy tool. They are used to promote higher or lower growth in money and credit, and to offset undesirable changes in the reserve positions of depository institutions stemming from movements in currency, float, Treasury deposits and other factors.

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