AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS Definition

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AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS (ADR) is ownership in the shares of a non-U.S. company that trades in U.S. financial markets. The stock of many non-US companies trade on US stock exchanges through the use of ADRs. ADRs enable U.S. investors to buy shares in foreign companies without the hazards or inconveniences of cross-border & cross-currency transactions. ADRs carry prices in US dollars, pay dividends in US dollars, and can be traded like the shares of US-based companies.

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UNIT-OF-WORK-PERFORMED METHOD is where revenue and cost of sales are recorded as units of work are delivered. This is most suitable to production-type contracts where many units of a product are produced in a continuous process, e.g. automobile manufacture.

PARALLEL SIMULATION TESTING is the simultaneous performance of multiple operations. It provides evidence of the validity of processing if the second processing system yields the same results as the first.  Auditors use their own generalized audit software to process the same data as was processed by the client’s software.  If the output of the audit software is the same as the output of the client’s software that is evidence that the client’s software is performing properly.

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