AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION Definition

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AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION (ABC) is a third-party organization that verifies the circulation of print media through periodic audits.

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TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO) is a model developed by Gartner Group to analyze the direct and indirect costs of owning and using hardware and software. Managers of enterprise systems use various versions of TCO to lower costs while increasing the benefits of information technology deployments. The TCO includes: original cost of the computer and software, hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, and training. Most estimates place the TCO at about 3 to 4 times the actual purchase cost of the PC.

NET OPERATION PROFIT AFTER TAXES (NOPAT) is a profitability measure that omits the cost of debt financing (i.e. it omits interest payments, along with their associated tax break). NOPAT is primarily used in the calculation of EVA. It is calculated: NOPAT = operating income x (1 - Tax Rate).

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