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Tel: (612) 246-4616
Tel: (612) 246-4616
BOND RATING is a measure of credit quality ranging from AAA to D by bond rating services such as Moody's, Standard & Poor's or Fitch's. Bonds rated BB+ or lower by Standard & Poor's or Ba1 or lower by Moody's are not investment grade.
INTEREST RATE RISK results from increases and decreases in bond prices caused by changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the prices of bonds fall to compensate for the higher level of income demanded by investors. Bonds that carry less than the new market rate of interest must sell for lower prices. For example, if an investor purchases a bond at par value ($1,000) with a 7% coupon and interest rates rise to the point where the same bond later yields 9%, the bond will decline in price to the point where its yield to maturity is equivalent to the yield to maturity on a 9% current coupon. In other words, the investor will earn the prevailing market rate of 9%- by buying a bond priced at par with the 9% coupon, or by buying the bond at a discount to par with a 7% coupon.
INCLUDIBLE COMPENSATION is defined in section 403(b)(3) of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Code as compensation, received from a qualifying employer by an employee, which is includible in the employees gross income for the most recent period which may be counted as 1 year of service. In this connection, section 1.403(b)-1(e)(1) of the regulations provides that for purposes of computing an employees exclusion allowance for a taxable year, such employees includible compensation in respect of such taxable year means the amount of compensation which is includible in his gross income.
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