BUDGETARY DEFICIT occurs when expenditures are greater than revenues.
OPEN ITEM is a contractual or scheduled commitment that is not yet reflected in Financial Accounting but will lead to actual expenditures in the future, e.g. a purchase order that is not shipped in full will list those unshipped items as open items within the shipping invoice.
VARIANCE, in accounting, is the difference between a projected number and the actual number, e.g. 1. a budget variance is spending either more or less from the amount that was budgeted; and 2. a cost variance is the difference between actual cost and standard cost in the categories of direct material, direct labor, and direct overhead.
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