BUDGETING Definition

BUDGETING is the documenting of intended expenditures over a specified time period (normally one year) along with proposals for how to meet them. See also ZERO BASED BUDGET.

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DUALITY CONCEPT is the foundation of the universally applicable double entry book keeping system. It stems from the fact that every transaction has a double (or dual) effect on the position of a business as recorded in the accounts. For example, when an asset is bought, another asset cash (or bank) is also and simultaneously decreased OR a liability such as creditors is also and simultaneously increased. Similarly, when a sale is made the asset of stock is reduced as goods leave the business and the asset of cash is increased (or the asset of debtors is increased) as cash comes into the business (or a promise to pay is made and accepted). Every financial transaction behaves in this dual way.

CASH COVERAGE RATIO see CASH DEBT COVERAGE RATIO.

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