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CASH CYCLE is the length of time, normally stated in numbers of days, between the purchase of raw materials and the collection of accounts receivable generated in the sale of the final product.
DEPRECIATION is the amount of expense charged against earnings by a company to write off the cost of a plant or machine over its useful live, giving consideration to wear and tear, obsolescence, and salvage value. If the expense is assumed to be incurred in equal amounts in each business period over the life of the asset, the depreciation method used is straight line (SL). If the expense is assumed to be incurred in decreasing amounts in each business period over the life of the asset, the method used is said to be accelerated. Two commonly used variations of the accelerated method of depreciating an asset are the sum-of-years digits (SYD) and the double-declining balance (DDB) methods. Frequently, accelerated depreciation is chosen for a business tax expense but straight line is chosen for its financial reporting purposes.
CLEARING is the process of reporting a trade to ACT for comparison of the details of the transaction between brokers prior to final settlement; the final exchange of securities for cash on delivery. Clearing operations, such as the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), facilitate the validation, delivery, and settlement of securities transactions. Trades are either reported by the broker to the clearing corporation directly or through a third party, usually another brokerage firm if a broker does not have a direct relationship with a clearing corporation.
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