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Tel: (612) 246-4616
COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEME, globally, is any arrangement for pooling several investors funds so that the pooled fund can obtain economies of scale and a spread of investments beyond the reach of individual investors. It is usually called an investment company in the U.S.A.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) in securities, except money market funds which always have a NAV of $1.00, represents the market value or price of one fund share. It is calculated by the total value of the funds portfolio less liabilities divided by the number of shares; or, in corporate valuations, it is a measure of the shareholders' aggregate wealth in the company, which is defined as the actual or hypothetical market value of the company's assets less its liabilities.
TOPSIDE ACCOUNTING ADJUSTMENTS/DEVICES is an illegal practice to where accountants manipulate its accounting practices to close gaps between actual operating results and results reported to the investing public. Accountants then falsely represent to the public that their audits were conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) and that an entitys financial reports fairly represent the entitys financial condition and were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
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