COMMON SIZE ANALYSIS Definition

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COMMON SIZE ANALYSIS, as used in vertical analysis of financial statements, an item is used as a base value and all other accounts in the financial statement are compared to this base value. On the balance sheet, total assets equal 100% and each asset is stated as a percentage of total assets. Similarly, total liabilities and stockholders equity are assigned 100%, with a given liability or equity account stated as a percentage of total liabilities and stockholders equity. On the income statement, 100% is assigned to net sales, with all revenue and expense accounts then related to it in percentages. See COMMON SIZED PERCENTAGES.

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BOOK ENTRY TRANSACTION, in securities, is a transaction that does not entail physical transfer of paper securities. An entry is made on the books of a safekeeping depository showing the beneficial owner of the securities. This has become a standard transaction method for all U.S. Treasury, many U.S. Government agency securities and many tax­able and tax-exempt instruments.

OVERHEAD ABSORPTION is the term used for describing the transfer of value from a fixed asset such as a building or machine to the final product. In this way the indirect costs of the entity can be assigned to the products or services supplied.

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