CONTRACT FOR DIFFERENCE (CFD) is an agreement to exchange the difference between the opening and closing price of the position under the contract on various financial instruments. CFD trading is an effective and convenient speculative instrument for trading shares, indices, futures and commodities. Contract for difference trading allows investors to take long or short positions, and unlike futures contracts have no fixed expiry date or contract size. Trades are conducted on a leveraged basis with margins typically ranging from 1% to 30% of the notional value for CFDs on leading equities.
CONTROL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES are the policies and procedures that help ensure management directives are carried out. Those pertinent to an audit include performance reviews, information processing, physical controls and segregation of duties.
ECONOMIC PROFITS is the difference between the total revenue and the total opportunity costs.
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