CONTRIBUTION/SALES RATIO Definition

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CONTRIBUTION/SALES RATIO (C/S RATIO) is a tool used in profit management. It is important to establish the C/S RATIO: C/S ratio = (Sales revenue - Variable cost of sales)/Sales revenue x 100. If a company achieves a high average marginal profit ratio of say, 40%, it does not mean that it will achieve high profits. The eventual profit will be dependent on the level of fixed costs within the organization.

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DOUBTFUL DEBT is a debt where circumstances have rendered its ultimate recovery uncertain. Conservatism requires that doubtful debts should be treated in the same way as bad debts. They should thus be recorded as an expense in the profit and loss account and to be credited to a provision to set off against ultimate default if it occurs.

OFF-BOOK PARTNERSHIP is a type of blind trust. It offers some advantages over the traditional methods of capital procurement. In some cases there is a fatal lack of transparency (e.g. Enron) that allows off-book partners to hide debts, pump profits, launder money and enrich insiders, but ultimately bankrupting the company and stripping assets from its employees' pension funds. See BLIND TRUST.

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