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CVPA see COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS.
CASH SHORT/OVER ACCOUNT, in retail sales, is where any differences between the cash register tape totals and the actual cash receipts is charged against the cash short and over account. If the ending balance of the account is a debit it is shown on the Income Statement as a miscellaneous expense. If the ending balance of the account is a credit it is shown on the Income Statement as Other Revenue.
MARGIN is a. in accounting see GROSS MARGIN; or, b. in securities, it is the process whereby investors are allowed to buy securities on credit. By buying on margin, the investor significantly increases the leverage, or risk/return potential, of the investment. For example, a purchase of $100 worth of stock with cash of $50 means a four to one increase in value if the stock doubles (versus a two to one increase if the purchase is all cash). On the other hand, if the stock declines, the investor would be forced either to put up more cash or sell the stock at a loss to meet margin requirements established by the Federal Reserve Bank. The margin rules currently stipulate that an investor must maintain 50% of the total market value of the securities in the account in cash.
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