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Tel: (612) 246-4616
DEBT TO EQUITY measures the risk of the firms capital structure in terms of amounts of capital contributed by creditors and that contributed by owners. It expresses the protection provided by owners for the creditors. In addition, low Debt/Equity ratio implies ability to borrow. While using debt implies risk (required interest payments must be paid), it also introduces the potential for increased benefits to the firms owners. When debt is used successfully (operating earnings exceeding interest charges) the returns to shareholders are magnified through financial leverage. Depending on the industry, different ratios are acceptable. The company should be compared to the industry, but, generally, a 3:1 ratio is a general benchmark. Should a company have debt-to-equity ratio that exceeds this number; it will be a major impediment to obtaining additional financing. If the ratio is suspect and you find the companys working capital, and current / quick ratios drastically low, this is a sign of serious financial weakness. Formula: Total Liabilities / Stockholders Equity
JBO is Joint Back Office (stock trading).
LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION (LOA) is a form that permits a Donor to provide written instructions to transfer a stock certificate in the Donor's name in full or in part to another party, such as a charitable organization, without using a transfer agent. This form given to the charitable organization with the designated stock certificate and a separate Stock Power is usually executed by the charitable organization's brokerage to expedite the sale and receipt of proceeds from the gift of securities.
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