EXCHANGE RATE is the rate at which one currency can be traded for another.
DISCRETIONARY FIXED COST normally has a budgetary life of under one year, i.e. the cost arises from annual budgetary decisions by management in specific fixed cost areas, e.g. R&D or Marketing.
NET OPERATION PROFIT AFTER TAXES (NOPAT) is a profitability measure that omits the cost of debt financing (i.e. it omits interest payments, along with their associated tax break). NOPAT is primarily used in the calculation of EVA. It is calculated: NOPAT = operating income x (1 - Tax Rate).
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