GOVERNMENT AUDITING STANDARDS Definition

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GOVERNMENT AUDITING STANDARDS is a book issued by the comptroller general of the United States, sometimes called the "yellow book." Government Auditing Standards contains standards for audits of government organizations, programs, activities, and functions and of government assistance received by organizations. The audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance of detecting material misstatements resulting from noncompliance with provisions of contracts or grant agreements that have a direct and material effect on determination of financial statement amounts, are followed when required by law, regulation, agreement, contract, or policy.

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ALLOWANCE FOR SAMPLING RISK is the difference between a sample estimate and the projected population characteristic at a specified sampling risk. This allowance
is also the difference between the expected error rate and the tolerable
deviation rate.

MARKET TO BOOK VALUE is calculated by dividing the market value (MV) of a company, i.e., the total value of all its outstanding shares, by the value of its tangible assets (TA). Also known as TOBIN RATIO = MV/TA.

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