GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (GNMA) is a corporation owned by the U.S. Government within the Department of Housing and Urban Development with the authority to fully guarantee the timely payment of principal and interest on securities collateralized by FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed mortgages. GNMA is commonly called "Ginnie Mae:' GNMA I securities are single-issuer pools. GNMA II securities are collateralized by multiple-issuer pools or custom pools (one issuer but different interest rates that may vary within one percentage point). Multiple-issuer pools are known as "Jumbos:' Standard GNMAs have a stated maturity of 30 years.
EXTERNAL DEBT is the total private and public debt owed by a country to individuals, households, firms, and governments in other countries.
LINEAR PROGRAMMING (LP), in accounting, is the mathematical approach to optimally allocating limited resources among competing activities. It is a technique used to maximize revenue, contribution margin, and profit function; or, to minimize a cost function, subject to constraints. Linear programming consists of two ingredients: (1) objective function and (2) constraints, both of which are linear. In formulating the LP problem, the first step is to define the decision variables that one is trying to solve. The next step is to formulate the objective function and constraints in terms of these decision variables.
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