IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL means the auditor determines that the relevant controls exist and that the entity is using them.
STUMPAGE refers to: a. Timber in standing trees; usually sold without the land at a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted when the land is cleared. (NOTE: Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by loggers buying stumpage from the owners of land) or, b. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price of lumber.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (R&D) is research as a planned activity aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope of developing new or improved products and services. Development is the translation of the research findings into a plan or design of new or improved products and services.
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