INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE or corporate espionage is espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of national security purposes, e.g. spying on one's competitors to gain a competitive advantage.
HOSTILE TAKEOVER occurs when a company attempts to buy out another whether they like it or not. A hostile takeover can occur only through publicly traded shares, as it requires the acquirer to bypass the board of directors and purchase the shares from other sources. This is difficult unless the shares of the target company are widely available and easily purchased (i.e., they have high liquidity). A hostile takeover may presage a corporate raid.
RECAST EARNINGS is a recalculation of earnings based on the assumption that certain expenses could be eliminated through new forms of cost savings. Recast earnings are often used in the analysis of a takeover or merger.
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