JOINT COSTS Definition

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JOINT COSTS are costs incurred to produce a certain amount of two or more products where the cost of producing one product cannot be logically isolated and cost allocation is arbitrary. Simplified, they are the costs of a single production process that yields multiple products simultaneously.

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PLEDGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE is short-term borrowing from financial institutions where the loan is secured by accounts receivable. The lender may physically take the accounts receivable but typically has recourse to the borrower; also called discounting of accounts receivable.

ALLOWANCE FOR NOTES RECEIVABLE LOSSES is an account maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for probable losses. The provision is increased by amounts charged to earnings and reduced by net charge-offs. The level of allowance is based on management's evaluation of the portfolio, which takes into account prevailing and anticipated business and economic conditions and the net realizable value of securities held.

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