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NORMAL LOSS takes into account the nature of many process operations is such that the output volume is frequently less than the input volume. Because process operations are repetitive, the level of 'losses' of materials/product that could reasonably be expected under efficient operating conditions may be established. This is referred to as a 'normal' loss; one that is an inevitable consequence of the process operation under efficient operation conditions and is thus considered unavoidable. Losses greater (ABNORMAL LOSS) or less (ABNORMAL GAIN) than normal are referred to as 'abnormal' and result from reduced or greater efficiency.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) in securities, except money market funds which always have a NAV of $1.00, represents the market value or price of one fund share. It is calculated by the total value of the funds portfolio less liabilities divided by the number of shares; or, in corporate valuations, it is a measure of the shareholders' aggregate wealth in the company, which is defined as the actual or hypothetical market value of the company's assets less its liabilities.
PAYABLES TURNOVER is calculated: Payables Turnover = Purchases / Payables.
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