OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS Definition

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OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS is the purchases and sales of gov­ernment and certain other securities in the open market by the New York Federal Reserve Bank as directed by the Federal Reserve in order to influence the volume of money and credit in the economy. Purchases inject reserves into the depository system and foster expansion in money and credit; sales have the opposite effect. Open market operations are the Federal Reserve's most impor­tant and most flexible monetary policy tool. They are used to promote higher or lower growth in money and credit, and to offset undesirable changes in the reserve positions of depository institutions stemming from movements in currency, float, Treasury deposits and other factors.

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PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD OF ACCOUNTING is instituted if your revenues exceed $10,000,000 (3-year average) or your contracts will not be completed within a two-year period, you are generally required to use the percentage of completion accounting for contracts. There are many advantages to using to percentage of completion method including: a. It is the best measurement of income; b. Percentage of completion normally needs to be computed for financial statement purposes eliminating confusing timing differences from tax to financial statements; c. There is no increase in alternative minimum taxable income; d. Losses can be recognized on contracts before the job is complete; e. It is useful in leveling taxable income, permitting use of lower tax brackets each year. When using the percentage of completion method, it is important to carefully compute the percent complete, for it may have a great impact on your taxable income. Estimated costs to complete the contract, a component of calculating the percent to complete, determine what your taxable income will be. Also, carefully reviewing the over-head allocation may result in lower tax.

LANDED COST is the total expense of receiving goods at place of retail sale, including retail purchase price, transportation costs, duties, value added taxes, excise tax and other taxes.

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