REAL, dependent upon usage, means either 1. in economics, refers to measures such as cost, price and income, which are corrected for inflation over time in order to permit a comparison of actual purchasing power; or, 2. actual cost, as opposed to nominal.
STANDARD DEDUCTIONS is used to reduce income by taxpayers who do not itemize allowable deductions on their tax returns. The amount of the deduction depends on your filing status: if you are 65 or older, if you are blind and whether you can be claimed as a dependent on another taxpayers income tax return. See ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS.
ATTESTATION RISK is the risk the CPA may unknowingly fail to modify the report
on management’s assertion. It is composed of inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk.
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