REPLACEMENT VALUE CONCEPT, in insurance, is loss coverage for assets at the cost required to purchase like assets at market value. The replacement value concept eliminates the often troublesome factor of used or depreciated value when claims for losses are adjusted.
ENCUMBRANCE is a) a right or interest in land owned by someone other than the owner of the land itself; examples include easements, leases, mortgages, and restrictive covenants; or, b) in accounting, an encumbrance is an anticipated expenditure, or funds restricted for anticipated expenditures, such as for outstanding purchase orders.
COMMITMENT BASED ACCOUNTING is where spending controls are enacted that ensures that no budget executor can exceed his annual appropriation.
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