TOP-DOWN APPROACH TO INVESTING Definition

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TOP-DOWN APPROACH TO INVESTING is an investment approach that first seeks to define major economic and industry trends, then proceeds to identify the individual companies most likely to benefit from those trends. See BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO INVESTING.

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BACKUP WITHHOLDING is a mandatory withholding that may be imposed when rules regarding taxpayer identification numbers, (usually a Social Security number) are not met by the individual. Another way for these withholdings to take effect is when a notice is issued by the IRS to withhold on payments to that individual. Backup withholding may be claimed as a credit by taxpayers on their federal income tax return.

DOUBLE ACCOUNTING is the un-intentional, or sometimes fraudulently intentional, double counting of assets or liabilities, or any other datasets, which, in the end, give an inaccurate view of what the data really means. In accounting, this is usually caused by a multiplicity of entries of the same data which, in the end, causes confusion or financial reporting inaccuracies.

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