TRADING SECURITIES is investment in securities with the intention of selling them in the short term for a profit. These are reported at market value. Unrealized gains or losses on these investments appear in the Net Income for the period.
CONTROLLABLE MARGIN technically is the excess of contribution margin over controllable fixed costs. Managerially it is that margin that you can reasonably expect from a process that is balanced and controlled. Controllable margin is considered to be the best measure of a managers performance in efforts to control revenues and costs.
COST EFFECTIVE is when a judgment is made that something is economical in terms of the goods or services received for the money spent.
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