UP-FRONT PAYMENT is anything of value, usually money, delivered at the time a contract is signed, e.g. down payment, licensing fees, or closing costs.
INVESTED CAPITAL is the sum of equity and debt in a business enterprise. Debt is typically a) long-term liabilities or b) the sum of short-term interest-bearing debt and long-term liabilities. When the term is used, it should be supplemented by a definition of exactly what it means in the given valuation context.
GAO (Government Accountability Office) is the investigative arm of the United States Congress charged with examining matters relating to the receipt and payment of public funds.
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