VALUE CHAIN is the sequential set of primary and support activities that an enterprise performs to turn inputs into value-added outputs for its external customers. As developed by Michael E. Porter, it is a connected series of organizations, resources, and knowledge streams involved in the creation and delivery of value to end customers. Value systems integrate supply chain activities, from determination of customer needs through product/service development, production/operations and distribution, including (as appropriate) first-, second-, and third-tier suppliers. The objective of value systems is to position organizations in the supply chain to achieve the highest levels of customer satisfaction and value while effectively exploiting the competencies of all organizations in the supply chain.
MAKING A MARKET is securities dealers showing both a bid and an offer for a particular maturity and type of security. This is not to be confused with a quote, which is a general indication of prices rather than a specific price at which a transaction may be executed.
CREDIT RECORD (CR) is an entry in a double-entry bookkeeping system recording an increase in a liability; an owners equity item or revenue; or a decrease in an asset or an expense. Credit entries are conventionally made on the right-hand side of T accounts.
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