JUNK BOND Definition

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JUNK BOND is a bond with a speculative credit rating of BB or lower. Such bonds offer investors higher yields than bonds of financially sound companies. Two agencies, Standard & Poors and Moodys Investor Services, provide the rating systems for companies credit. See HIGH YIELD JUNK.

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HYPOTHECATION, in securities, is the pledging of securities to brokers as collateral for loans made to cover short sales or purchase securities. In banking, it is the pledging of property to secure a loan.

GROSS MARGIN is the ratio of gross profit to sales revenue. (sometimes used as a synonym for gross profit). For a manufacturer, gross margin is a measure of a companys efficiency in turning raw materials into income; for a retailer it measures their markup over wholesale. GROSS MARGIN is gross income divided by net sales, expressed as a percentage.

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